As pet owners, we’re committed to the health of our aging dogs, particularly when facing conditions like Spondylosis Deformans. This spinal disease, similar to spinal arthritis in dogs, can lead to discomfort and reduced mobility.

In this guide, we will focus on Spondylosis in dogs, covering its causes, symptoms, and treatments. Our goal is to provide insights for effective management, helping our dogs stay comfortable and active. Let’s explore how to best support our canine friends with Spondylosis.

Understanding Spondylosis Deformans in Dogs

Spondylosis Deformans, a term that might sound complex, is actually a common condition in our canine companions, particularly as they age.

What is Spondylosis in Dogs?

At its core, Spondylosis Deformans is a type of degenerative disease affecting the vertebral bones of a dog’s spine. It involves the formation of bone spurs, known as osteophytes, along the vertebrae. These bone growths are the body’s attempt to stabilise the spine in response to wear and tear, injury, or as part of the ageing process. Spondylosis can be painful, particularly if the bony spurs are pressing against nerves or if there is significant inflammation. However, not all dogs with spondylosis experience pain.

Also worth noting is that dogs with spondylosis often have concurrent issues with joints such as hip dysplasia and arthritis, so if your pet is displaying signs of these problems there is a chance that Spondylosis could be diagnosed.

Causes of Spondylosis in Dogs

While the exact cause of Spondylosis Deformans is not fully understood, several factors are believed to contribute to its development:

1. Ageing: The most common contributor to spondylosis in dogs is the natural ageing process. As dogs age, their spinal discs undergo wear and tear, leading to degenerative changes. This is similar to the ageing process in humans where the spine becomes less flexible, and the body responds by forming bony spurs to stabilise the spine.
2. Genetic Predisposition: Certain dog breeds are more predisposed to developing spondylosis. Large breed dogs, such as German Shepherds, Boxers, and Labrador Retrievers, are often more susceptible due to the greater strain placed on their spines. However, it’s important to note that any dog, regardless of breed, can develop spondylosis.
3. Previous Spinal Injuries or Trauma: Dogs that have suffered from spinal injuries or trauma are at an increased risk of developing spondylosis. Injuries can cause instability in the spine, prompting the body to form bony growths in an attempt to stabilise the area.
4. Lifestyle and Activity Levels: A dog’s activity level can also play a role. While a direct link between specific activities and spondylosis is not conclusively established, it is understood that excessive or repetitive strain on the spine might contribute to the wear and tear of spinal structures.
5. Obesity: Excess weight in dogs can exacerbate the development of spondylosis. Obesity puts additional stress on the spine and joints, potentially accelerating the degenerative process. Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for reducing the strain on the spinal column.

Symptoms of Spondylosis in Dogs Based on the Locations Along the Spine

Spondylosis in dogs can affect various parts of the spine, and the symptoms can vary depending on the specific area impacted. Understanding these differences can help dog owners to identify potential issues early and seek appropriate veterinary care.

Cervical Spine (Neck Area)

When spondylosis affects the cervical spine, the symptoms are primarily centred around the neck area. These can include:

• Neck Pain and Stiffness: Dogs may show discomfort when moving their heads or resist actions that require neck movement, like looking up.
• Reluctance to Play or Jump: Activities that involve sudden neck movements might be avoided.
• Altered Eating Habits: Difficulty in lowering the head to eat or drink can be a sign of cervical spondylosis.

Thoracic Spine (Mid-Back)

The thoracic spine is a common site for spondylosis, but clinical signs and symptoms here can be more subtle, including:

• General Stiffness: Dogs may have a stiff gait, particularly after resting.
• Reduced Activity Levels: A decrease in overall activity, possibly due to discomfort when moving.
• Respiratory Changes: In rare cases, if the bony growths are extensive, they might affect breathing.

Lumbar Spine (Lower Back)

Spondylosis in the lumbar spine often results in symptoms that affect the dog’s lower body and mobility:

• Lower Back Pain: This can be evident from a reluctance to bend or jump.
• Hind Limb Weakness or Lameness: Dogs may show difficulty in standing up or exhibit a change in their walking pattern.
• Changes in Posture: A hunched back or other abnormal postures to compensate for the pain.

Lumbosacral Junction (Where the Spine Meets the Tail)

This area’s involvement can lead to specific symptoms, such as:

• Tail Movement Difficulty: Difficulty in wagging or lifting the tail.
• Incontinence: In severe cases, nerve impingement in this area can lead to bladder or bowel control issues.
• Hindquarters Pain: Discomfort may be more pronounced in the hips and rear legs.

Treatment Options for Dogs with Spondylosis

When it comes to managing spondylosis in dogs, understanding the available treatment options is key. While there is no cure for spondylosis, various treatments can alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and slow the progression of the condition. Here, we explore some of the most effective treatment strategies for dogs diagnosed with spondylosis.

Pain Management

Pain relief is a primary concern in treating spondylosis. There are several types of medications that can be used in treating canine spondylosis, including:

• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): This type of pain medication reduces inflammation and pain. Anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce this inflammation, thereby easing pain and improving mobility. It’s important to use veterinary-prescribed NSAIDs, as some human NSAIDs can be toxic to dogs.
• Corticosteroids: In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed for their potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, they are generally used for short-term relief due to potential side effects with long-term use.

Like all medications, NSAIDs and corticosteroids can have side effects. Common ones include gastrointestinal upset, liver or kidney issues, and in some cases, behavioural changes. Dogs on long-term anti-inflammatory medication should be regularly monitored by a vet. This includes routine blood tests to check liver and kidney function.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy for dogs plays a crucial role in managing spondylosis. It can include:

• Targeted Exercises: Regular, gentle exercise and helps maintain muscle strength and flexibility, which is vital for supporting the spine.
• Hydrotherapy: Swimming or walking in water offers excellent low-impact exercise, reducing stress on the joints while maintaining muscle tone.

Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell therapy is emerging as a potential treatment option for spondylosis in dogs, although it is still in the research and experimental stages. This innovative approach focuses on using stem cells to repair and regenerate damaged tissues, which may be beneficial in managing degenerative conditions like spondylosis and its concurrent issues such as hip dysplasia and arthritis.

The potential benefits of stem cell therapy in treating spondylosis include:

• Regeneration of Damaged Tissue: Stem cells may help in regenerating damaged tissues in the spine, potentially slowing the progression of spondylosis.
• Reduction in Inflammation: This therapy could reduce inflammation in the affected areas, providing relief from pain and discomfort.
• Improvement in Mobility: By repairing damaged tissues, stem cell therapy might improve mobility and quality of life for dogs with spondylosis.

Contact our vets at Stem Cell Vet to find out if stem cell therapy could be an option for your dog.

Diet and Nutrition

A balanced diet is essential for dogs with spondylosis. Considerations include:

• Weight Management: Keeping your dog at a healthy weight reduces stress on the spine and joints.
• Nutritional Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil, have anti-inflammatory properties that can help manage pain. Supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin may support joint health.

Environmental Modifications

Making changes to your home environment can help your dog cope with spondylosis:

• Orthopaedic Beds: Provide better support for the spine, reducing discomfort during rest.
• Ramps and Steps: These can help dogs access furniture or cars without jumping, reducing stress on the spine.

The Importance of Veterinary Diagnosis

When it comes to managing spondylosis in dogs, the role of a veterinary diagnosis cannot be overstated. Ongoing veterinary care is crucial for monitoring the condition and adjusting treatment as needed. Regular check-ups allow your vet to assess your dog’s response to treatment and make changes where necessary.

Accurate Identification of the Condition

Spondylosis shares symptoms with several other spinal and joint conditions in dogs, such as arthritis or intervertebral disc disease. A veterinary diagnosis is essential to accurately identify spondylosis, ensuring that your dog receives the appropriate care and treatment.

Understanding the Extent of the Condition

Veterinary diagnostics, including X-rays and possibly MRI or CT scans, allow for a detailed view of the spine. These imaging techniques help in assessing the extent of bony spur formation and the specific areas of the spine that are affected. This information is critical in tailoring a treatment plan that addresses your dog’s specific needs.

Early Detection and Intervention

Early detection of spondylosis can make a significant difference in managing the condition effectively. Regular vet check-ups, especially for breeds predisposed to spinal issues or older dogs, can help in identifying the condition before it progresses to a more advanced stage, where management might be more challenging.

Formulating a Comprehensive Management Plan

Post-diagnosis, a vet can develop a comprehensive management plan that may include pain relief, physiotherapy, dietary changes, and lifestyle adjustments. This plan is tailored to your dog’s specific condition, age, overall health, and lifestyle, ensuring the best possible quality of life.

Ongoing Monitoring and Adjustment of Treatment

Spondylosis is a progressive condition, and regular vet check-ups are essential to monitor its progression. These check-ups allow for adjustments in treatment plans as needed, ensuring that your dog remains comfortable and mobile for as long as possible.

Final Thoughts

The long-term prognosis for dogs with spondylosis varies depending on several factors, but with proper management, many dogs continue to enjoy a good quality of life. Regular veterinary care, effective symptom management, and a supportive home environment are key.

Remember, each dog is unique, and their response to treatment will vary. The goal is to provide a loving, supportive environment that caters to their changing needs, ensuring they remain comfortable and content throughout their journey with spondylosis.